Investigaciones Publicadas y Artículos Académicos
Desde 1997, mi sitio ha alojado pruebas de personalidad para más de 20 millones de personas. Además de ofrecer resultados instantáneos, anónimos y gratuitos utilizando la prueba Big Five, las respuestas se han utilizado en colaboraciones con investigadores universitarios e instituciones revisadas, contribuyendo a una comprensión más profunda de la personalidad humana.
Como toda ciencia, la psicología de la personalidad depende de los datos para validar teorías. Internet resulta ser una gran herramienta para recopilar datos de encuestas, razón por la cual este proyecto ha sido tan útil para los investigadores. (Para obtener una lista completa de artículos publicados, consulta esta lista completa de publicaciones en inglés.) Si bien mi papel principal ha sido la recopilación de datos, estoy orgulloso de haber apoyado esta investigación. Además, es bastante increíble haber creado un sitio que tanta gente ha utilizado para aprender más sobre sí mismos. ¡Gracias por explorar esta investigación y contribuir haciendo la prueba!
Schwaba, T., Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., Gebauer, J. E., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2023). The impact of childhood lead exposure on adult personality: Evidence from the United States, Europe, and a large-scale natural experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(2), e2020104118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020104118
Childhood lead exposure has devastating lifelong consequences, as even low-level exposure stunts intelligence and leads to delinquent behavior. However, these consequences may be more extensive than previously thought because childhood lead exposure may adversely affect normal-range personality...
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La exposición infantil al plomo tiene efectos duraderos en la personalidad adulta, reduciendo rasgos como la amabilidad y la responsabilidad, y aumentando el neuroticismo.
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Perspectives in Psychological Science (2008)
Volumes of research show that people in different geographic regions differ psychologically. Most of that work converges on the conclusion that there are geographic differences in personality and...
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Los neoyorquinos son más neuróticos que los californianos. Y sí, la gente de Minnesota es realmente simpática...
Wei, W., Lu, J. G., Galinsky, A. D., Wu, H., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., et al. (2017). Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 890-895
Human personality traits differ across geographical regions. However, it remains unclear what generates these geographical personality differences. Because humans constantly experience and react to ambient temperature, we propose that temperature is a crucial environmental factor that is associated with individuals’ habitual behavioural patterns and, therefore, with fundamental dimensions of...
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¡El lugar donde creces podría moldear tu personalidad! Las personas en regiones con temperaturas suaves tienden a obtener puntajes más altos en rasgos de crecimiento social y personal.
Gosling, Samuel D.; Sandy, Carson J.; Potter, Jeff. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2010)
Alleged personality differences between individuals who self-identify as "dog people" and "cat people" have long been the topic of wide-spread speculation and sporadic research. Yet existing studies offer a rather conflicting picture of what personality differences, if any, exist between the two types of person. Here we build on previous...
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¡Lo sabía! La gente perro es más extrovertida que la gente gato!
Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Political Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 6 (2008)
Although skeptics continue to doubt that most people are "ideological," evidence suggests that meaningful left-right differences do exist and that they may be rooted in basic personality dispositions, that is, relatively stable individual differences in psychological needs, motives, and orientations toward the world. Seventy-five years of theory and research on personality and political orientation has produced a long list of dispositions,...
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Confirmado: los liberales son más abiertos de mente, creativos, curiosos y buscadores de novedades; los conservadores son más ordenados, convencionales y mejor organizados.
Soto, Christopher J.; John, Oliver P.; Gosling, Samuel D.; Potter, Jeff. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 100(2), Feb 2011, 330-348
Hypotheses about mean-level age differences in the Big Five personality domains, as well as 10 more specific facet traits within those domains, were tested in a very large cross-sectional sample (N = 1,267,218) of children, adolescents, and...
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A medida que envejecemos, rasgos como la amabilidad y la responsabilidad bajan en la adolescencia pero aumentan en la adultez, mientras que el neuroticismo disminuye, especialmente en las mujeres.
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Rentfrow, P. J., Lee, N., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2018). Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Two recent electoral results - Donald Trump’s election as US president and the UK’s Brexit vote - have re-ignited debate on the psychological factors underlying voting behavior. Both campaigns promoted themes of fear, lost pride, and loss...
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Las regiones con mayores niveles de neuroticismo eran más propensas a votar por el Brexit y Trump. El miedo y la ansiedad podrían haber jugado un papel más grande en el voto populista de lo que se pensaba.
Talaifar, S., Stuetzer, M., Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J. (2022). Fear and deprivation in Trump's America: A regional analysis of voting behavior in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. Presidential Elections. Personality Science, 3(1), e7447.
Since Trump was elected U.S. President in 2016, researchers have sought to explain his support, focusing on structural factors (e.g., economics) and psychological factors (e.g., negative emotions). This study integrates these perspectives in a regional analysis of 18+ structural variables,...
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Las regiones con mayores niveles de neuroticismo y privación económica fueron más propensas a votar por Trump en 2016 y 2020. Tanto los factores estructurales como psicológicos juegan un papel.
Gebauer, J. E., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., Gosling, S. D., & Sedikides, C. (2020). The well-being benefits of person-culture match. Psychological Science, 31(10), 1283-1293.
People benefit psychologically when their personality matches the prevailing characteristics of their culture, but not everyone experiences this benefit equally. This large-scale study reveals that personality traits like agreeableness and...
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¡Ajustar tu personalidad a tu cultura puede aumentar el bienestar, pero no para todos! Las personas con ciertos rasgos, como la amabilidad y el neuroticismo, se benefician más de este 'ajuste persona-cultura', mientras que otros pueden no ver ningún beneficio.
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Jokela, M., Stillwell, D. J., Kosinski, M., & Potter, J, J. of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 996–1012. (2013)
There is overwhelming evidence for regional variation across the United States on a range of key political, economic, social, and health indicators. However, a substantial body of research suggests that activities in each of these domains are typically influenced by psychological variables, raising the possibility that psychological forces...
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Resulta que no solo cambian la comida o los acentos cuando cruzas las fronteras estatales en los EE. UU., ¡las personalidades también!
Götz, F. M., Ebert, T., Gosling, S. D., Obschonka, M., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2021). American Psychologist, 76(6), 947.
Accumulating evidence suggests that culture changes in response to shifting socioecological conditions; economic development is a particularly potent driver of such change. Previous research has shown that economic development can induce slow but...
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Los altos precios de la vivienda no solo encarecen las ciudades, también las hacen más abiertas y creativas, atrayendo a nuevos residentes aventureros y cambiando la cultura.
Götz, F. M., Stieger, S., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2020). Physical topography is associated with human personality. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(11), 1135–1144.
Regional differences in personality are associated with a range of outcomes. This study examined how mountainous terrain correlates with regional variation in personality. Results showed that mountainous areas tend to have higher levels of openness but lower agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness.
Las montañas no solo son majestuosas, ¡también moldean la personalidad! Las personas en áreas montañosas tienden a ser más abiertas, pero menos agradables y extrovertidas.
Berkessel, J. B., Gebauer, J. E., Joshanloo, M., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2021). National religiosity eases the psychological burden of poverty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(39), e2103913118.
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) harms psychological well-being, but this burden is greatest in developed nations. Drawing on large global datasets, the study shows that national religiosity can buffer the harmful effects of low SES, suggesting that as religiosity declines, these effects will worsen.
La religiosidad nacional ayuda a aliviar la carga psicológica de la pobreza, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, donde las normas religiosas pueden mitigar los efectos perjudiciales de un estatus socioeconómico bajo.
Peters, H., Götz, F. M., Ebert, T., Müller, S. R., Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Obschonka, M., Ames, D., Potter, J., & Matz, S. C. (2023). Regional personality differences predict variation in early COVID-19 infections and mobility patterns indicative of social distancing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(4), 848–872. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000439
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed stark regional variation in the spread of the virus. While previous research has highlighted the impact of regional differences in sociodemographic and economic factors, we argue that regional differences in social and compliance behaviors—the...
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Las diferencias de personalidad regionales influyeron en la propagación temprana de COVID-19: la apertura aumentó el riesgo, mientras que el neuroticismo brindó protección.
Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martínez, V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 99-120. (2006)
Four studies examined and empirically documented Cultural Frame Switching (CFS; Hong, Chiu, & Kung, 1997) in the domain of personality. Specifically, we asked whether Spanish-English bilinguals show different personalities when using different languages? If so, are the two personalities consistent with cross-cultural differences in personality? To generate predictions about the specific cultural differences to expect, Study 1 documented personality differences between US and Mexican monolinguals. Studies 2-4 tested CFS in three samples of...
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¡Si hablas más de un idioma, tu forma de actuar depende del idioma que hables!
Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., Silbereisen, R. K., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2013)
In recent years the topic of entrepreneurship has become a major focus in the social sciences, with renewed interest in the links between personality and entrepreneurship. Taking a socioecological perspective to psychology, which emphasizes the role of social habitats and their interactions with mind and behavior, we investigated regional variation in and correlates of an...
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Las regiones emprendedoras tienden a agruparse geográficamente en EE.UU., Alemania y el Reino Unido.
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2008)
This study examined Big Five self-report data from individuals aged 10 to 20, focusing on developmental trends in personality reporting. The study found that personality reports became more...
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¿En qué se diferencian los informes de personalidad de los niños de los adultos? A medida que crecen, los auto informes se vuelven más precisos, pero algunos rasgos como la amabilidad y la conciencia muestran cambios más claros que otros como la extroversión.
Srivastava, S., John, O, P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2003)
This study investigated how personality traits change in adulthood using data from over 132,000 participants. Results showed that traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness increased...
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La personalidad sigue evolucionando en la edad adulta: no está 'fijada como escayola' a los 30 años.
Bleidorn, W., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Psychological Science (2013)
During early adulthood, individuals from different cultures across the world tend to become more agreeable, more conscientious, and less neurotic. Two leading theories offer different explanations for these pervasive age trends: Five-factor...
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Madurar significa volverse más amable, concienzudo y menos neurótico, sin importar dónde vivas. ¡Convertirse en adulto realmente cambia a las personas en todo el mundo!
Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Psychology and Aging (2002)
This study examined age differences in self-esteem across the lifespan using data from over 326,000 participants. Results showed that self-esteem was high in childhood, dropped during adolescence, rose throughout adulthood, and declined in old age. These patterns held across gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and nationality.
La autoestima se mantiene alta en la infancia, baja en la adolescencia y vuelve a subir en la edad adulta.
Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., Trzesniewski, K. H., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. Journal of Research in Personality (2001)
This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and the Big Five personality traits in a large sample. High self-esteem was strongly related to emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness, with smaller correlations for agreeableness and openness. The findings held across age, sex, social class, and ethnicity.
La autoestima está estrechamente relacionada con los rasgos de personalidad en todas las edades.
Militaru, I. E., Serapio‐García, G., Ebert, T., Kong, W., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rentfrow, P. J., & Götz, F. M. (2024). J. of Personality, 92(1), 88–110
Personality traits cluster across countries, regions, cities, and neighborhoods. What drives the formation of these clusters? Ecological theory suggests that physical locations shape humans'...
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¡El entorno moldea quiénes somos! Las personas en las ciudades son más abiertas pero menos concienzudas, mientras que las regiones costeras están relacionadas con la apertura y el neuroticismo.
Laajaj, R., Macours, K., Pinzon Hernandez, D. A., Arias, O., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rubio-Codina, M., & Vakis, R. (2019). Challenges to capture the Big Five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations. Science Advances, 5(7), eaaw5226.
Can personality traits be measured and interpreted reliably across the world? While the use of Big Five personality measures is increasingly common across social sciences, their validity outside of western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) populations is unclear. Adopting a comprehensive psychometric approach to analyze 29 face-to-face surveys from 94,751 respondents in...
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Las medidas de personalidad del Big Five a menudo fallan en encuestas cara a cara en poblaciones no WEIRD debido a sesgos de respuesta y niveles educativos, mientras que las encuestas por internet muestran mayor validez.
Macropsychological Factors Predict Regional Economic Resilience During a Major Economic Crisis
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Audretsch, D. B., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(2), 95–104.
Do macropsychological factors predict 'hard' economic outcomes like regional economic resilience? Prior approaches focused on economic infrastructure, but psychological traits like emotional stability and entrepreneurship also matter. This study examined how regional psychological traits predicted economic recovery from the Great Recession of 2008–2009 in the United States and Great Britain.
Las regiones con rasgos emocionalmente estables y emprendedores se recuperaron más rápido de la recesión de 2008-2009.
Robert de Vries, Samuel Gosling, Jeff Potter. Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 72, No. 12, June 2011, pp 1978-1985
Richard Wilkinson's "inequality hypothesis" describes the relationship between societal income inequality and population health in terms of the corrosive psychosocial effects of social hierarchy. An explicit component of this hypothesis is that inequality should lead individuals to become more competitive and self-focused, less friendly and altruistic. Together these traits are a close conceptual match to the opposing poles of the Big Five personality factor of Agreeableness; a widely used concept in the field of personality psychology. Based on this fact, we predicted that individuals living in more economically unequal U.S. states should be lower in Agreeableness than those living in...
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A medida que aumenta la desigualdad, somos menos propensos a ayudar a los demás. Piensa dos veces dónde vives!
Kenneth S. Kendler, John Myers, Jeff Potter, and Jill Opalesky. Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2009)
Web-based studies have become increasingly common in the social sciences, but have been rare in genetic epidemiology in general and twin studies in particular. We here review the methods, validity checks and preliminary correlational data from an on-line questionnaire collected from 2005-2008. During this time period, 44,112 individuals completed the questionnaire. This sample was 65.3% female, 85.4% 18 years or older, 72.0% Caucasian and had a mean educational level of 12.2 years. The...
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El uso de tests de personalidad online parece ser tan bueno como los métodos de encuesta tradicionales para la epidemiología genética.
Nye, C. D., Allemand, M., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Roberts, B. W. (2016). Journal of Personality, 84(4), 473–492.
A growing body of research demonstrates that older individuals tend to score differently on personality measures than younger adults. However, recent research using item response theory (IRT) has questioned these findings, suggesting that apparent age differences in personality traits merely reflect artifacts of the response process rather than...
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¿Tienen los adultos mayores personalidades realmente diferentes, o nos están engañando las pruebas de personalidad? Este estudio muestra que las diferencias son reales y no solo un error en las pruebas.
Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004). Should we trust Web–based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93–104.
The rapid growth of the Internet provides a wealth of new research opportunities for psychologists. Internet data collection methods, with a focus on self-report questionnaires from self-selected samples, are evaluated and compared with traditional paper-and-pencil methods. Six preconceptions...
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Este artículo evalúa los conceptos erróneos comunes sobre las encuestas en línea, comparando su fiabilidad y validez con los métodos tradicionales.
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., Lamb, M. E., Potter, J., & Audretsch, D. B. (in press). Do macro–psychological cultural characteristics of regions help solve the 'knowledge paradox' of economics? PLOS ONE.
In recent years, modern economies have shifted away from being based on physical capital and towards being based on new knowledge (e.g., new ideas and inventions). Consequently, contemporary economic theorizing and key public policies have been based on the assumption that resources for...
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Explora cómo los rasgos psicológicos regionales influyen en el paradojo económico de la infrautilización del conocimiento.
Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R. C., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Gebauer, J. E., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(3), 396–410.
Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present...
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Los hombres reportan mayor autoestima que las mujeres en todo el mundo, pero la brecha de género y los cambios relacionados con la edad varían entre culturas.