公開研究と学術論文
1997年から、私のサイトは2,000万人以上の方々にパーソナリティテストを提供してきました。 ビッグファイブテストを利用して、訪問者に即時、匿名、無料の結果を提供するだけでなく、回答は大学研究者や評価された機関との共同研究に活用され、人間のパーソナリティに対する理解を深めることに貢献しました。
すべての科学と同様に、パーソナリティ心理学は理論を検証するためにデータに依存しています。 インターネットは調査データを収集するための優れたツールであり、このプロジェクトが研究者にとって非常に有用である理由でもあります。 （公開された論文の完全なリストについては、こちらの英語のリストをご覧ください。） 私の主な役割はデータ収集でしたが、この研究を支援できたことを誇りに思っています。 また、多くの方々が自分自身についてもっと知るためにこのサイトを利用してくれたことは、とても素晴らしいことです。 この研究を探求し、テストを受けることでご協力いただきありがとうございます！
Schwaba, T., Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., Gebauer, J. E., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2023). The impact of childhood lead exposure on adult personality: Evidence from the United States, Europe, and a large-scale natural experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(2), e2020104118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020104118
Childhood lead exposure has devastating lifelong consequences, as even low-level exposure stunts intelligence and leads to delinquent behavior. However, these consequences may be more extensive than previously thought because childhood lead exposure may adversely affect normal-range personality...
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幼少期の鉛曝露は、成人期の性格に長期的な影響を与え、協調性や誠実性を低下させ、神経質を増加させる。
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Perspectives in Psychological Science (2008)
Volumes of research show that people in different geographic regions differ psychologically. Most of that work converges on the conclusion that there are geographic differences in personality and...
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ニューヨークの人はカリフォルニアの人より神経質なんだ！それにミネソタの人たちは本当に親切だし......
Wei, W., Lu, J. G., Galinsky, A. D., Wu, H., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., et al. (2017). Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 890-895
Human personality traits differ across geographical regions. However, it remains unclear what generates these geographical personality differences. Because humans constantly experience and react to ambient temperature, we propose that temperature is a crucial environmental factor that is associated with individuals’ habitual behavioural patterns and, therefore, with fundamental dimensions of...
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育った場所が性格を形作るかもしれません！穏やかな気候の地域では、社会的および個人的な成長の特性が高く評価される傾向があります。
Gosling, Samuel D.; Sandy, Carson J.; Potter, Jeff. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2010)
Alleged personality differences between individuals who self-identify as "dog people" and "cat people" have long been the topic of wide-spread speculation and sporadic research. Yet existing studies offer a rather conflicting picture of what personality differences, if any, exist between the two types of person. Here we build on previous...
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やっぱり！犬派は猫派より外向的だ！
Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Political Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 6 (2008)
Although skeptics continue to doubt that most people are "ideological," evidence suggests that meaningful left-right differences do exist and that they may be rooted in basic personality dispositions, that is, relatively stable individual differences in psychological needs, motives, and orientations toward the world. Seventy-five years of theory and research on personality and political orientation has produced a long list of dispositions,...
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リベラル派は開放的で、創造的で、好奇心が強く、目新しいものを求める。保守派は、秩序正しく、従来通りで、より組織化されている。
Soto, Christopher J.; John, Oliver P.; Gosling, Samuel D.; Potter, Jeff. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 100(2), Feb 2011, 330-348
Hypotheses about mean-level age differences in the Big Five personality domains, as well as 10 more specific facet traits within those domains, were tested in a very large cross-sectional sample (N = 1,267,218) of children, adolescents, and...
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年齢を重ねると、協調性や誠実性は思春期に低下し、成人期に上昇します。神経症傾向は特に女性で減少します。
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Rentfrow, P. J., Lee, N., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2018). Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Two recent electoral results - Donald Trump’s election as US president and the UK’s Brexit vote - have re-ignited debate on the psychological factors underlying voting behavior. Both campaigns promoted themes of fear, lost pride, and loss...
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神経質傾向が強い地域では、ブレグジットやトランプへの投票が多かったことが明らかになりました。不安や恐怖がポピュリスト投票行動において想定以上に影響を与えた可能性があります。
Talaifar, S., Stuetzer, M., Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J. (2022). Fear and deprivation in Trump's America: A regional analysis of voting behavior in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. Presidential Elections. Personality Science, 3(1), e7447.
Since Trump was elected U.S. President in 2016, researchers have sought to explain his support, focusing on structural factors (e.g., economics) and psychological factors (e.g., negative emotions). This study integrates these perspectives in a regional analysis of 18+ structural variables,...
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高い神経症傾向と経済的困窮度が高い地域では、2016年と2020年のトランプへの投票率が高かった。構造的要因と心理的要因の両方が関与している。
Gebauer, J. E., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., Gosling, S. D., & Sedikides, C. (2020). The well-being benefits of person-culture match. Psychological Science, 31(10), 1283-1293.
People benefit psychologically when their personality matches the prevailing characteristics of their culture, but not everyone experiences this benefit equally. This large-scale study reveals that personality traits like agreeableness and...
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性格を文化に合わせることで、幸福感を高めることができますが、すべての人に当てはまるわけではありません。協調性や神経質といった特定の性格特性を持つ人々は、「人-文化の一致」からより多くの恩恵を受ける一方、他の人々はあまり恩恵を感じないかもしれません。
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Jokela, M., Stillwell, D. J., Kosinski, M., & Potter, J, J. of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 996–1012. (2013)
There is overwhelming evidence for regional variation across the United States on a range of key political, economic, social, and health indicators. However, a substantial body of research suggests that activities in each of these domains are typically influenced by psychological variables, raising the possibility that psychological forces...
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アメリカでは州境を越えると、食べ物や訛りだけでなく、性格も変わることがわかりました！
Götz, F. M., Ebert, T., Gosling, S. D., Obschonka, M., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2021). American Psychologist, 76(6), 947.
Accumulating evidence suggests that culture changes in response to shifting socioecological conditions; economic development is a particularly potent driver of such change. Previous research has shown that economic development can induce slow but...
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住宅価格の上昇は都市を高額にするだけでなく、冒険心に富んだ新住民を引き寄せ、文化を変えることで都市をより開放的でクリエイティブなものにします。
Götz, F. M., Stieger, S., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2020). Physical topography is associated with human personality. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(11), 1135–1144.
Regional differences in personality are associated with a range of outcomes. This study examined how mountainous terrain correlates with regional variation in personality. Results showed that mountainous areas tend to have higher levels of openness but lower agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness.
山々は単に壮大なだけでなく、性格を形成します！ 山岳地帯の人々はより開放的で、協調性や外向性が低い傾向があります。
Berkessel, J. B., Gebauer, J. E., Joshanloo, M., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2021). National religiosity eases the psychological burden of poverty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(39), e2103913118.
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) harms psychological well-being, but this burden is greatest in developed nations. Drawing on large global datasets, the study shows that national religiosity can buffer the harmful effects of low SES, suggesting that as religiosity declines, these effects will worsen.
国家の宗教性は、特に発展途上国において、低い社会経済的地位の有害な影響を和らげるために、貧困の心理的負担を軽減するのに役立ちます。
Peters, H., Götz, F. M., Ebert, T., Müller, S. R., Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Obschonka, M., Ames, D., Potter, J., & Matz, S. C. (2023). Regional personality differences predict variation in early COVID-19 infections and mobility patterns indicative of social distancing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(4), 848–872. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000439
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed stark regional variation in the spread of the virus. While previous research has highlighted the impact of regional differences in sociodemographic and economic factors, we argue that regional differences in social and compliance behaviors—the...
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地域ごとの性格の違いがCOVID-19の初期拡大に影響：開放性はリスクを増大させ、神経質傾向は保護に寄与。
Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martínez, V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 99-120. (2006)
Four studies examined and empirically documented Cultural Frame Switching (CFS; Hong, Chiu, & Kung, 1997) in the domain of personality. Specifically, we asked whether Spanish-English bilinguals show different personalities when using different languages? If so, are the two personalities consistent with cross-cultural differences in personality? To generate predictions about the specific cultural differences to expect, Study 1 documented personality differences between US and Mexican monolinguals. Studies 2-4 tested CFS in three samples of...
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複数の言語を話す人は、どの言語で話しているかによって、どう行動するかが変わる！
Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., Silbereisen, R. K., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2013)
In recent years the topic of entrepreneurship has become a major focus in the social sciences, with renewed interest in the links between personality and entrepreneurship. Taking a socioecological perspective to psychology, which emphasizes the role of social habitats and their interactions with mind and behavior, we investigated regional variation in and correlates of an...
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起業家が多い地域は、米国、ドイツ、英国に地理的に集中する傾向がある！
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2008)
This study examined Big Five self-report data from individuals aged 10 to 20, focusing on developmental trends in personality reporting. The study found that personality reports became more...
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子どもの性格報告は大人とどう違うのでしょうか？年齢が上がるにつれて自己報告はより正確になりますが、協調性や誠実性などの特性は、外向性よりもはっきりとした変化を示します。
Srivastava, S., John, O, P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2003)
This study investigated how personality traits change in adulthood using data from over 132,000 participants. Results showed that traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness increased...
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性格は大人になっても進化し続ける-30歳までに『石膏のように固まる』わけではない。
Bleidorn, W., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Psychological Science (2013)
During early adulthood, individuals from different cultures across the world tend to become more agreeable, more conscientious, and less neurotic. Two leading theories offer different explanations for these pervasive age trends: Five-factor...
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大人になると、どこに住んでいても、協調性が高くなり、責任感が強くなり、神経質でなくなります。大人になるって、世界中で人を変えるんですね！
Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Psychology and Aging (2002)
This study examined age differences in self-esteem across the lifespan using data from over 326,000 participants. Results showed that self-esteem was high in childhood, dropped during adolescence, rose throughout adulthood, and declined in old age. These patterns held across gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and nationality.
自尊心は幼少期に高く、青年期に落ち込み、成人期に再び上昇する。
Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., Trzesniewski, K. H., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. Journal of Research in Personality (2001)
This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and the Big Five personality traits in a large sample. High self-esteem was strongly related to emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness, with smaller correlations for agreeableness and openness. The findings held across age, sex, social class, and ethnicity.
自尊心は、すべての年齢にわたって性格特性と強く関連している。
Militaru, I. E., Serapio‐García, G., Ebert, T., Kong, W., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rentfrow, P. J., & Götz, F. M. (2024). J. of Personality, 92(1), 88–110
Personality traits cluster across countries, regions, cities, and neighborhoods. What drives the formation of these clusters? Ecological theory suggests that physical locations shape humans'...
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環境は私たちの性格を形成します！ 都市部の人々は開放的ですが、誠実さは低く、沿岸地域は開放性と神経質と関連しています。
Laajaj, R., Macours, K., Pinzon Hernandez, D. A., Arias, O., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rubio-Codina, M., & Vakis, R. (2019). Challenges to capture the Big Five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations. Science Advances, 5(7), eaaw5226.
Can personality traits be measured and interpreted reliably across the world? While the use of Big Five personality measures is increasingly common across social sciences, their validity outside of western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) populations is unclear. Adopting a comprehensive psychometric approach to analyze 29 face-to-face surveys from 94,751 respondents in...
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非WEIRD集団における対面調査では、ビッグファイブ性格測定が回答バイアスや教育レベルの影響で失敗することが多いが、インターネット調査ではより高い妥当性が示されています。
Macropsychological Factors Predict Regional Economic Resilience During a Major Economic Crisis
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Audretsch, D. B., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(2), 95–104.
Do macropsychological factors predict 'hard' economic outcomes like regional economic resilience? Prior approaches focused on economic infrastructure, but psychological traits like emotional stability and entrepreneurship also matter. This study examined how regional psychological traits predicted economic recovery from the Great Recession of 2008–2009 in the United States and Great Britain.
感情が安定し、起業家精神を持つ地域は、2008-2009年の不況からより早く回復しました。
Robert de Vries, Samuel Gosling, Jeff Potter. Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 72, No. 12, June 2011, pp 1978-1985
Richard Wilkinson's "inequality hypothesis" describes the relationship between societal income inequality and population health in terms of the corrosive psychosocial effects of social hierarchy. An explicit component of this hypothesis is that inequality should lead individuals to become more competitive and self-focused, less friendly and altruistic. Together these traits are a close conceptual match to the opposing poles of the Big Five personality factor of Agreeableness; a widely used concept in the field of personality psychology. Based on this fact, we predicted that individuals living in more economically unequal U.S. states should be lower in Agreeableness than those living in...
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格差が広がると、他人を助ける傾向が弱くなる。住む場所をよく考えよう！
Kenneth S. Kendler, John Myers, Jeff Potter, and Jill Opalesky. Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2009)
Web-based studies have become increasingly common in the social sciences, but have been rare in genetic epidemiology in general and twin studies in particular. We here review the methods, validity checks and preliminary correlational data from an on-line questionnaire collected from 2005-2008. During this time period, 44,112 individuals completed the questionnaire. This sample was 65.3% female, 85.4% 18 years or older, 72.0% Caucasian and had a mean educational level of 12.2 years. The...
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オンライン性格検査は、遺伝疫学において伝統的な調査方法と同等の効果があるようだ。
Nye, C. D., Allemand, M., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Roberts, B. W. (2016). Journal of Personality, 84(4), 473–492.
A growing body of research demonstrates that older individuals tend to score differently on personality measures than younger adults. However, recent research using item response theory (IRT) has questioned these findings, suggesting that apparent age differences in personality traits merely reflect artifacts of the response process rather than...
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年齢を重ねた大人は本当に性格が違うのか、それとも性格テストが誤解させているだけなのか？この研究によれば、その違いは実際に存在しており、テストのアーティファクトではないことが明らかです。
Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004). Should we trust Web–based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93–104.
The rapid growth of the Internet provides a wealth of new research opportunities for psychologists. Internet data collection methods, with a focus on self-report questionnaires from self-selected samples, are evaluated and compared with traditional paper-and-pencil methods. Six preconceptions...
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ウェブベースの調査に関する一般的な先入観を評価し、従来の方法とその信頼性と妥当性を比較しています。
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., Lamb, M. E., Potter, J., & Audretsch, D. B. (in press). Do macro–psychological cultural characteristics of regions help solve the 'knowledge paradox' of economics? PLOS ONE.
In recent years, modern economies have shifted away from being based on physical capital and towards being based on new knowledge (e.g., new ideas and inventions). Consequently, contemporary economic theorizing and key public policies have been based on the assumption that resources for...
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地域の心理的特性が知識の活用不足という経済的パラドックスにどのように影響を与えるかを探ります。
Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R. C., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Gebauer, J. E., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(3), 396–410.
Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present...
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男性は世界中で女性よりも高い自尊心を報告していますが、性差や年齢による変化は文化によって異なります。