Veröffentlichte Forschung und wissenschaftliche Artikel
Seit 1997 hat meine Website Persönlichkeitstests für über 20 Millionen Menschen bereitgestellt. Neben der Bereitstellung von sofortigen, anonymen und kostenlosen Ergebnissen mit dem Big-Five-Test wurden die Antworten in Zusammenarbeit mit Universitätsforschern und renommierten Institutionen genutzt, um ein tieferes Verständnis der menschlichen Persönlichkeit zu fördern.
Wie jede Wissenschaft basiert die Persönlichkeitspsychologie auf Daten, um Theorien zu validieren. Das Internet ist ein großartiges Werkzeug zur Erhebung von Umfragedaten, weshalb dieses Projekt für Forscher so nützlich war. (Für eine vollständige Liste der veröffentlichten Artikel auf Englisch, sehen Sie sich diese vollständige Liste der Publikationen an.) Obwohl meine Hauptaufgabe in der Datensammlung bestand, bin ich stolz darauf, diese Forschung unterstützt zu haben. Außerdem ist es ziemlich beeindruckend, eine Website geschaffen zu haben, die so viele Menschen genutzt haben, um mehr über sich selbst zu erfahren. Vielen Dank, dass Sie diese Forschung erkunden und durch das Absolvieren des Tests dazu beitragen!
Schwaba, T., Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., Gebauer, J. E., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2023). The impact of childhood lead exposure on adult personality: Evidence from the United States, Europe, and a large-scale natural experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(2), e2020104118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020104118
Childhood lead exposure has devastating lifelong consequences, as even low-level exposure stunts intelligence and leads to delinquent behavior. However, these consequences may be more extensive than previously thought because childhood lead exposure may adversely affect normal-range personality...
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Kindliche Bleiexposition hat dauerhafte Auswirkungen auf die Persönlichkeit im Erwachsenenalter, verringert Eigenschaften wie Verträglichkeit und Gewissenhaftigkeit und erhöht den Neurotizismus.
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Perspectives in Psychological Science (2008)
Volumes of research show that people in different geographic regions differ psychologically. Most of that work converges on the conclusion that there are geographic differences in personality and...
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Die Menschen in New York sind tatsächlich neurotischer als die Menschen in Kalifornien! Und ja, die Menschen in Minnesota sind wirklich nett...
Wei, W., Lu, J. G., Galinsky, A. D., Wu, H., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., et al. (2017). Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 890-895
Human personality traits differ across geographical regions. However, it remains unclear what generates these geographical personality differences. Because humans constantly experience and react to ambient temperature, we propose that temperature is a crucial environmental factor that is associated with individuals’ habitual behavioural patterns and, therefore, with fundamental dimensions of...
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Wo du aufwächst, könnte deine Persönlichkeit prägen! Menschen in Regionen mit milden Temperaturen neigen dazu, in sozialen und persönlichen Wachstumsmerkmalen höher zu punkten.
Gosling, Samuel D.; Sandy, Carson J.; Potter, Jeff. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2010)
Alleged personality differences between individuals who self-identify as "dog people" and "cat people" have long been the topic of wide-spread speculation and sporadic research. Yet existing studies offer a rather conflicting picture of what personality differences, if any, exist between the two types of person. Here we build on previous...
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Ich wusste es! Hundemenschen sind aufgeschlossener als Katzenmenschen!
Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Political Psychology, Vol. 29, No. 6 (2008)
Although skeptics continue to doubt that most people are "ideological," evidence suggests that meaningful left-right differences do exist and that they may be rooted in basic personality dispositions, that is, relatively stable individual differences in psychological needs, motives, and orientations toward the world. Seventy-five years of theory and research on personality and political orientation has produced a long list of dispositions,...
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Bestätigt: Liberale sind aufgeschlossener, kreativer, neugieriger und neugieriger; Konservative sind ordentlicher, konventioneller und besser organisiert.
Soto, Christopher J.; John, Oliver P.; Gosling, Samuel D.; Potter, Jeff. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 100(2), Feb 2011, 330-348
Hypotheses about mean-level age differences in the Big Five personality domains, as well as 10 more specific facet traits within those domains, were tested in a very large cross-sectional sample (N = 1,267,218) of children, adolescents, and...
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Mit dem Alter nehmen Eigenschaften wie Verträglichkeit und Gewissenhaftigkeit in der Jugend ab, steigen aber im Erwachsenenalter, während der Neurotizismus, besonders bei Frauen, sinkt.
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Rentfrow, P. J., Lee, N., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2018). Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Two recent electoral results - Donald Trump’s election as US president and the UK’s Brexit vote - have re-ignited debate on the psychological factors underlying voting behavior. Both campaigns promoted themes of fear, lost pride, and loss...
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Regionen mit höheren Neurotizismus-Werten neigten eher dazu, für den Brexit und Trump zu stimmen. Angst und Unsicherheit spielten möglicherweise eine größere Rolle beim populistischen Wählerverhalten, als bisher angenommen.
Talaifar, S., Stuetzer, M., Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J. (2022). Fear and deprivation in Trump's America: A regional analysis of voting behavior in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. Presidential Elections. Personality Science, 3(1), e7447.
Since Trump was elected U.S. President in 2016, researchers have sought to explain his support, focusing on structural factors (e.g., economics) and psychological factors (e.g., negative emotions). This study integrates these perspectives in a regional analysis of 18+ structural variables,...
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Regionen mit höheren Neurotizismus- und wirtschaftlichen Entbehrungen neigten eher dazu, 2016 und 2020 für Trump zu stimmen. Sowohl strukturelle als auch psychologische Faktoren spielen eine Rolle.
Gebauer, J. E., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., Gosling, S. D., & Sedikides, C. (2020). The well-being benefits of person-culture match. Psychological Science, 31(10), 1283-1293.
People benefit psychologically when their personality matches the prevailing characteristics of their culture, but not everyone experiences this benefit equally. This large-scale study reveals that personality traits like agreeableness and...
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Deine Persönlichkeit an deine Kultur anzupassen, kann das Wohlbefinden steigern, aber nicht für jeden! Menschen mit bestimmten Eigenschaften, wie Verträglichkeit und Neurotizismus, profitieren mehr von diesem 'Person-Kultur-Abgleich', während andere möglicherweise keinen Vorteil sehen.
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Jokela, M., Stillwell, D. J., Kosinski, M., & Potter, J, J. of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 996–1012. (2013)
There is overwhelming evidence for regional variation across the United States on a range of key political, economic, social, and health indicators. However, a substantial body of research suggests that activities in each of these domains are typically influenced by psychological variables, raising the possibility that psychological forces...
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Es stellt sich heraus, dass sich in den USA nicht nur das Essen oder die Akzente ändern, wenn man die Staatsgrenzen überquert – auch die Persönlichkeiten!
Götz, F. M., Ebert, T., Gosling, S. D., Obschonka, M., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2021). American Psychologist, 76(6), 947.
Accumulating evidence suggests that culture changes in response to shifting socioecological conditions; economic development is a particularly potent driver of such change. Previous research has shown that economic development can induce slow but...
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Höhere Immobilienpreise machen Städte nicht nur teurer, sie machen sie auch offener und kreativer, indem sie abenteuerlustige neue Bewohner anziehen und die Kultur verändern.
Götz, F. M., Stieger, S., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2020). Physical topography is associated with human personality. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(11), 1135–1144.
Regional differences in personality are associated with a range of outcomes. This study examined how mountainous terrain correlates with regional variation in personality. Results showed that mountainous areas tend to have higher levels of openness but lower agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness.
Berge sind nicht nur majestätisch – sie formen auch die Persönlichkeit! Menschen in Bergregionen neigen dazu, offener, aber weniger angenehm und extravertiert zu sein.
Berkessel, J. B., Gebauer, J. E., Joshanloo, M., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2021). National religiosity eases the psychological burden of poverty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(39), e2103913118.
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) harms psychological well-being, but this burden is greatest in developed nations. Drawing on large global datasets, the study shows that national religiosity can buffer the harmful effects of low SES, suggesting that as religiosity declines, these effects will worsen.
Nationale Religiosität trägt dazu bei, die psychologische Last der Armut zu verringern, insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern, wo religiöse Normen die schädlichen Auswirkungen eines niedrigen sozioökonomischen Status abmildern können.
Peters, H., Götz, F. M., Ebert, T., Müller, S. R., Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Obschonka, M., Ames, D., Potter, J., & Matz, S. C. (2023). Regional personality differences predict variation in early COVID-19 infections and mobility patterns indicative of social distancing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(4), 848–872. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000439
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed stark regional variation in the spread of the virus. While previous research has highlighted the impact of regional differences in sociodemographic and economic factors, we argue that regional differences in social and compliance behaviors—the...
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Regionale Persönlichkeitsunterschiede beeinflussten die frühe Verbreitung von COVID-19: Offenheit erhöhte das Risiko, während Neurotizismus Schutz bot.
Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martínez, V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 99-120. (2006)
Four studies examined and empirically documented Cultural Frame Switching (CFS; Hong, Chiu, & Kung, 1997) in the domain of personality. Specifically, we asked whether Spanish-English bilinguals show different personalities when using different languages? If so, are the two personalities consistent with cross-cultural differences in personality? To generate predictions about the specific cultural differences to expect, Study 1 documented personality differences between US and Mexican monolinguals. Studies 2-4 tested CFS in three samples of...
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Wenn du mehr als eine Sprache sprichst, hängt dein Verhalten davon ab, welche Sprache du gerade sprichst!
Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., Silbereisen, R. K., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2013)
In recent years the topic of entrepreneurship has become a major focus in the social sciences, with renewed interest in the links between personality and entrepreneurship. Taking a socioecological perspective to psychology, which emphasizes the role of social habitats and their interactions with mind and behavior, we investigated regional variation in and correlates of an...
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Unternehmerische Regionen neigen dazu, sich geografisch in den USA, Deutschland und dem Vereinigten Königreich zu konzentrieren.
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2008)
This study examined Big Five self-report data from individuals aged 10 to 20, focusing on developmental trends in personality reporting. The study found that personality reports became more...
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Wie unterscheiden sich Persönlichkeitsberichte von Kindern von denen von Erwachsenen? Mit zunehmendem Alter werden Selbstauskünfte genauer, wobei Merkmale wie Freundlichkeit und Gewissenhaftigkeit deutlichere Veränderungen zeigen als Extraversion.
Srivastava, S., John, O, P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2003)
This study investigated how personality traits change in adulthood using data from over 132,000 participants. Results showed that traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness increased...
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Die Persönlichkeit entwickelt sich im Erwachsenenalter weiter - sie ist im Alter von 30 Jahren nicht 'fest wie Gips'.
Bleidorn, W., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Psychological Science (2013)
During early adulthood, individuals from different cultures across the world tend to become more agreeable, more conscientious, and less neurotic. Two leading theories offer different explanations for these pervasive age trends: Five-factor...
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Erwachsenwerden bedeutet, freundlicher, gewissenhafter und weniger neurotisch zu werden, egal wo man lebt. Verantwortung verändert Menschen auf der ganzen Welt!
Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. Journal of Psychology and Aging (2002)
This study examined age differences in self-esteem across the lifespan using data from over 326,000 participants. Results showed that self-esteem was high in childhood, dropped during adolescence, rose throughout adulthood, and declined in old age. These patterns held across gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and nationality.
Das Selbstwertgefühl ist in der Kindheit hoch, sinkt in der Jugend und steigt im Erwachsenenalter wieder an.
Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., Trzesniewski, K. H., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. Journal of Research in Personality (2001)
This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and the Big Five personality traits in a large sample. High self-esteem was strongly related to emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness, with smaller correlations for agreeableness and openness. The findings held across age, sex, social class, and ethnicity.
Das Selbstwertgefühl steht über alle Altersstufen hinweg in engem Zusammenhang mit Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen.
Militaru, I. E., Serapio‐García, G., Ebert, T., Kong, W., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rentfrow, P. J., & Götz, F. M. (2024). J. of Personality, 92(1), 88–110
Personality traits cluster across countries, regions, cities, and neighborhoods. What drives the formation of these clusters? Ecological theory suggests that physical locations shape humans'...
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Die Umwelt formt, wer wir sind! Menschen in Städten sind offener, aber weniger gewissenhaft, während Küstenregionen mit Offenheit und Neurotizismus verbunden sind.
Laajaj, R., Macours, K., Pinzon Hernandez, D. A., Arias, O., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rubio-Codina, M., & Vakis, R. (2019). Challenges to capture the Big Five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations. Science Advances, 5(7), eaaw5226.
Can personality traits be measured and interpreted reliably across the world? While the use of Big Five personality measures is increasingly common across social sciences, their validity outside of western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) populations is unclear. Adopting a comprehensive psychometric approach to analyze 29 face-to-face surveys from 94,751 respondents in...
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Big-Five-Persönlichkeitsmessungen scheitern oft in Face-to-Face-Umfragen bei nicht-WEIRD-Populationen aufgrund von Antwortverzerrungen und Bildungsniveaus, während Online-Umfragen eine höhere Validität zeigen.
Macropsychological Factors Predict Regional Economic Resilience During a Major Economic Crisis
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Audretsch, D. B., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(2), 95–104.
Do macropsychological factors predict 'hard' economic outcomes like regional economic resilience? Prior approaches focused on economic infrastructure, but psychological traits like emotional stability and entrepreneurship also matter. This study examined how regional psychological traits predicted economic recovery from the Great Recession of 2008–2009 in the United States and Great Britain.
Regionen mit emotional stabilen und unternehmerischen Eigenschaften erholten sich schneller von der Rezession 2008-2009.
Robert de Vries, Samuel Gosling, Jeff Potter. Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 72, No. 12, June 2011, pp 1978-1985
Richard Wilkinson's "inequality hypothesis" describes the relationship between societal income inequality and population health in terms of the corrosive psychosocial effects of social hierarchy. An explicit component of this hypothesis is that inequality should lead individuals to become more competitive and self-focused, less friendly and altruistic. Together these traits are a close conceptual match to the opposing poles of the Big Five personality factor of Agreeableness; a widely used concept in the field of personality psychology. Based on this fact, we predicted that individuals living in more economically unequal U.S. states should be lower in Agreeableness than those living in...
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Mit zunehmender Ungleichheit sinkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass wir anderen helfen. Überlegen Sie sich zweimal, wo Sie leben!
Kenneth S. Kendler, John Myers, Jeff Potter, and Jill Opalesky. Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2009)
Web-based studies have become increasingly common in the social sciences, but have been rare in genetic epidemiology in general and twin studies in particular. We here review the methods, validity checks and preliminary correlational data from an on-line questionnaire collected from 2005-2008. During this time period, 44,112 individuals completed the questionnaire. This sample was 65.3% female, 85.4% 18 years or older, 72.0% Caucasian and had a mean educational level of 12.2 years. The...
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Die Verwendung von Online-Persönlichkeitstests scheint für die genetische Epidemiologie genauso gut zu sein wie herkömmliche Erhebungsmethoden.
Nye, C. D., Allemand, M., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Roberts, B. W. (2016). Journal of Personality, 84(4), 473–492.
A growing body of research demonstrates that older individuals tend to score differently on personality measures than younger adults. However, recent research using item response theory (IRT) has questioned these findings, suggesting that apparent age differences in personality traits merely reflect artifacts of the response process rather than...
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Haben ältere Erwachsene tatsächlich andere Persönlichkeiten, oder täuschen uns Persönlichkeitstests? Diese Studie zeigt, dass die Unterschiede real sind und nicht nur durch Testartefakte entstehen.
Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004). Should we trust Web–based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93–104.
The rapid growth of the Internet provides a wealth of new research opportunities for psychologists. Internet data collection methods, with a focus on self-report questionnaires from self-selected samples, are evaluated and compared with traditional paper-and-pencil methods. Six preconceptions...
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Diese Arbeit bewertet gängige Vorurteile gegenüber Online-Umfragen und vergleicht deren Zuverlässigkeit und Gültigkeit mit traditionellen Methoden.
Obschonka, M., Stuetzer, M., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., Lamb, M. E., Potter, J., & Audretsch, D. B. (in press). Do macro–psychological cultural characteristics of regions help solve the 'knowledge paradox' of economics? PLOS ONE.
In recent years, modern economies have shifted away from being based on physical capital and towards being based on new knowledge (e.g., new ideas and inventions). Consequently, contemporary economic theorizing and key public policies have been based on the assumption that resources for...
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Untersucht, wie regionale psychologische Merkmale das wirtschaftliche Paradoxon der Wissensunterausnutzung beeinflussen.
Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R. C., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Gebauer, J. E., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(3), 396–410.
Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present...
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Männer berichten weltweit von höherem Selbstwertgefühl als Frauen, aber die Geschlechterlücke und altersbedingte Veränderungen variieren zwischen den Kulturen.